COMMON FUNDAMENTALS AND UNIT OPERATIONS IN DESALINATION SYSTEMS - Table of Contents
RAW WATER PRE-TREATMENT: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Heinz Ludwig, Fichtner, Stuttgart, Germany
Pollution of Raw Water and its Measurement
Raw Water Extraction Installations
Measures to Prevent Biofouling
Precleaning - Flocculation/Filtration and Sedimentation
Extended Pre-cleaning - Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, and Nanofiltration
Further Pre-treatment Measures - Ion Exchange and Precipitation Methods
PRE-CLEANING MEASURES: FILTRATION
Dieter Saal, Darmstadt, Germany
Basic Principles of Filtration
Particle Transport and Agglomeration Mechanism
FLOCCULATION AND FLOCCULATION FILTRATION
Dieter Saal, Darmstadt, Germany
MICROFILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION
Ata M. Hassan, Saline Water Conversion Corporation, RDC Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia
Kevin Price, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, U.S.A.
SURVEY OF LONG TIME BEHAVIOR AND COSTS OF INDUSTRIAL FLUIDIZED BED HEAT EXCHANGERS
R. Rautenbach and T. Katz, Institut für Verfahrenstechnik der RWTH Aachen, Turmstraße 46, Aachen, Germany
Heat Transfer of a Fluidized Bed
ENTRAINMENT IN EVAPORATORS
C.D. Hornburg, Water Consultants International, Inc. Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
THE PROBLEM OF NON-CONDENSABLE GAS RELEASE IN EVAPORATORS
Heike Glade and Klaus Genthner, University of Bremen, Germany
The Source of Non-Condensable Gases in Evaporators
The Effects of Non-Condensable Gases in Evaporators
Summary of Cases that Require Consideration of Non-condensable Gas Release
ANALYSIS, APPROACHES, AND MODELS FOR THE RELEASE OF CARBON DIOXIDE, NITROGEN, OXYGEN AND ARGON IN EVAPORATORS
Heike Glade and Klaus Genthner, University of Bremen, Germany
Fundamentals of Desorption with and without Chemical Reaction
DESIGN DATA FOR NON-CONDENSABLE GAS RELEASE RATES IN FLASH CHAMBERS
Heike Glade and Klaus Genthner, University of Bremen, Germany
Design Assumption Regarding the Release of O2,N2 and Ar
Design Assumptions Regarding the Total CO2 Release
Design Assumption Regarding the Distribution of the CO2 Release Between the Individual Stages
Measurements of CO2 Release in the Individual Stages of MSF Disteller
Comparison of the Approaches to CO2 Release Computation with the Measurements Results
MIST ELIMINATORS
Andreas Hambach, Max Rhodius GmbH Weissenburg Bayern Germany
INTERSTAGE BRINE FLOW IN MSF CHAMBERS
R. Rautenbach and S. Schäfer, Institute für Verfahrenstechnik, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
HEAT AND MASS BALANCES IN THE EVAPORATOR COMPONENTS GROUP:STAGE HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER BALANCE
M.A. Darwish and Faisal Al-Juwayhel, Kuwait University, Kuwait
A CASE STUDY: PERFORMANCE AND ACCEPTANCE TEST OF A POWER AND DESALINATION PLANT
Atef M Al Baghdadi, Water and Electricity Authority Abu Dhabi, U.A.E
POST-TREATMENT OF DISTILLATE AND PERMEATE: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Heinz Ludwig, Fichtner, Stuttgart, Germany
Composition of Desalinated Water
COMPOSITION OF DESALINATED WATER
Heinz Ludwig, Fichtner, Stuttgart, Germany
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SEAWATER DESALINATION PLANTS
I.S. Al-Mutaz, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
Pollutants from Desalination Plants
Pollutants Emitted from Power Plants
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF INTAKES AND OUTFALLS
Marinus Vis, Water Resources and Environment Division, Delft Hydraulics, the Netherlands
CHEMICAL HAZARDS IN SEAWATER DESALINATION BY THE MULTISTAGE-FLASH EVAPORATION TECHNIQUE
A.M. Shams El Din, MTL, Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority (ADWEA), Abu Dhabi (UAE)
THE PLIGHT OF POTABLE AND USABLE WATER - POLLUTION, HEALTH HAZARDS, ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS AND ABATEMENT METHODS
Rajeswari Padmasola, née Ganti, Banglore, India
Some Physical Properties of Water
Some Chemical Properties of Water
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, WATER RESOURCES, AND DESALINATION
Andrew P. Sage, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
Sustainability Needs and Natural Resources in the World
INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY, WATER RESOURCES, AND DESALINATION
Andrew P. Sage, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
Agenda 21 and the Need for Systems Engineering and Industrial Ecology
Standards and Sustainable Water Resource and Desalination Efforts
Industrial Ecology and Sustainable Development
WATER AND WASTE WATER TREATMENT
Eduard G. Novitsky, Institute of Chemical Machinery Industry “NIICHIMMASH,” Moscow, Russia
Ruslan Kh. Khamizov, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russia
Water Quality Regulations and Standards
Sources and Types of Polluting Substances in Natural and Waste Water
ENERGY
G. P. Rao, B. Makkawi, A. Woldai, R. J. Hornby and D. Al-Gobaisi, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE
WATER - A COMMON SUBSTANCE WITH UNCOMMON PROPERTIES
B. Makkawi, G. P. Rao, A. Woldai and D. Al-Gobaisi, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE
SI UNITS AND SOME CONVERSION FACTORS
A. Woldai, B. Makkawi, and D. Al-Gobaisi, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Names and Symbols for Basic SI Units
GLOBAL INFORMATION AND DATA ON WATER RESOURCES
Bushara M. Ahmed, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi,UAE
RURAL AND URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
Yasumoto Magara, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION TECHNOLOGY
Yasumoto Magara, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
SOCIAL ASPECTS
Yasumoto Magara, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
ECONOMICS AND FINANCING
Yasumoto Magara, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
Yasumoto Magara, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Mitsugu Saito, Overseas Environmental Cooperation Center, Tokyo, Japan
Role of Community Participation
Environmental Education and Women in Development