PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF WATER - Table of Contents

PROPERTIES OF NATURAL WATERS

Asghar Husain, Ali El Nashar, Adil Al Radif and Bushara M, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE

M. M. Ali, IIC T Hyderabad, India

Some Basic Chemical Principles

Chemical Composition of Natural Waters

Solubility in Water

Thermodynamic and Transport Properties

PHYSICAL AND THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF WATER IN THE LIQUID PHASE

Asghar Husain, Ali El Nashar, Adil Al radif and Woldai A., International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE

M. M. Ali, IIC T Hyderabad, India

The Phases of Pure Water

Properties of Saturated Water and Steam

Properties of Compressed Liquid Water.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER

Asghar Husain, Bushara, G.P. Rao and Samir Damak, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE

M. M. Ali, IIC T Hyderabad, India

Pure Water

Natural Waters

Seawater

Energetic Aspects of Water

Biological Aspects of Water

ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES

Asghar Husain and Ali El Nashar, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE

Faraday's Law of Electrolysis

Electode Potential

Types and Performance of Cells

Applications

BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION OF WATER

Asghar Husain, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE

G. P. Reddy, D.A.R Water Science and Technology, Hyderabad, India

Range of Biological Organisms Present in Water

Metabolism of Bioorganisms

Biofouling

SEPARATION THERMODYNAMICS

Asghar Husain, Ali El –Nashar and Adil Alradif, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE

Relevant Thermodynamic Functions

Partial Molar Properties

Equilibrium Criteria

Aqueous Solutions of Electrolytes

Equilibria Relevant to Desalination

Thermodynamic Properties

INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNAMICS

Asghar Husain , Woldai A. , Bushara M and Ali El Nashar, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE

Terminology

Variables and Properties

First Law of Thermodynamics

Equations of State

Second Law of Thermodynamics

The Equilibrium State

Chemical Reaction Equilibrium

SEPARATION PHENOMENA IN DESALINATION

Asghar Husain, Bushara , Ali El-Nashar and Aldil Alradif, International Centre for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE

Solar Stills

Freeze and Hydrate Separation

Ion Exchange

DISTILLATION-BASED DESALINATION PROCESSES

Asghar Husain, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE

Multiple-Effect Boiling (MEB) Plants

Multistage Flash (MSF) Plants

Vapor Compression

MEMBRANE-BASED DESALINATION PROCESSES

Asghar Husain, Ali El-Nashar and Adel Al Radif, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE

Reverse Osmosis (RO) Theory

Electrodialysis (ED) Theory

SOME PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF DESALINATION PROCESSES

Asghar Husain, Adil Al Radif, Ali El Nashar, Roberto Borsani and Bushara M, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE

Limitations of the Membrane Processes

AN OVERVIEW OF FOULING

T. Reg. Bott, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

Categories of Fouling

BIOFOULING

T. Reg. Bott, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

COMPOSITE FOULING, FUNDAMENTALS AND MECHANISMS

R. Sheikholeslami, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

A.P. Watkinson, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Crystallisation Fouling

Particulate Fouling

Corrosion Fouling

Composite Fouling

Composite Crystallisation and Particulate Fouling

Corrosion and Precipitation Fouling

Composite Corrosion and Particulate Deposition

COMMON FOULANTS IN DESALINATION:INORGANIC SALTS

P. Koutsoukos, University of Patras, Greece

Description and Overview (Relative Occurrence)

BIOLOGICAL FOULANTS

T.R. Bott, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

Biofouling

CRYSTALLIZATION FOULING

M. Jamialahmadi, University of Petroleum Industry, Ahwaz, IRAN

H. Müller-Steinhagen, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, England

Chemical Fundamentals

Literature Review on Scale Formation in Heat Exchangers

Effect of Operating Parameters on Scale Formation

Models for Scale Formation on Heat Transfer Surfaces

Scale Formation in Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers.

Scale Formation in Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers

Extended Surfaces

CHANGE OF DISTILLER PERFORMANCE WITH FOULING

Frank Bodendieck and Klaus Genthner, University of Bremen, Germany

Relationship Between Fouling and Steam Consumption

Performance of the Evaporator under Different Tube Fouling Conditions

The Effect of Various Fouling Conditions on Various Plant Sections