MEMBRANE PROCESSES - Table of Contents

REVERSE OSMOSIS : INTRODUCTION

S. Loeb, Chemical Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel

Historical Development

Principle of Reverse Osmosis

Technical and Economical Relevance of Reverse Osmosis

MEMBRANE DISTILLATION

Enrico Drioli and Alessandra Criscuoli, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Italy

Louis Peña Molero, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Fundamentals of Membrane Distillation

Membranes for Membrane Distillation

Process and Equipment in Membrane Distillation

Membrane Distillation Applications

Integrated Membrane Distillation Systems

PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF REVERSE OSMOSIS

O.J. Morin, Black and Veatch, Florida, USA

Theory

Basic Water Chemistry

Process Considerations

Operation and Maintenance

Costs

PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF LARGE-SCALE REVERSE OSMOSIS APPLICATIONS

M. Kishi, Mechano Chemical Research Institute, Japan

Ichiro Kawada, Nitto Denko Corporation Japan

Keuuchi Ohta, Water Reuse Promotion Center, Japan

Mituhaur Furuichi, Kurita Water Industry, Japan

Makio Tamura, Central Research Laboratories, Organo Corporation, Japan

Yoshinari Fussaoka, Toray Industries, Inc., Japan

Yoshiaki Nakanishi, Daicel Chemical Industry Ltd, Japan

Seawater Desalination

Brackish Water Desalination

Wastewater Treatment

Other Applications of Reverse Osmosis

REVERSE OSMOSIS PROCESS AND SYSTEM DESIGN

Y. Taniguchi, Water Reuse Promotion Center, Japan

H. Ohya, Department of Chemical Engineering, Yokohama National University, Japan

General Considerations

Basic Reverse Osmosis Plant Construction

Basic Principles Involved in Reverse Osmosis Process

Feedwater Pre-and Productwater Post-Treatment Procedures

Operational Problems of Reverse Osmosis System

Instrumentation and Automation

HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

Y. Magara, School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Japan

S. Iso, Tokyo Kyuei Co. Ltd., Japan

Health Hazards of Reverse Osmosis Water Desalination

Reverse Osmosis Effect on the Environment

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE

T. Sata, Yamaguchi University, Japan

Classification of Ion-Exchange Membranes

Preparation of Ion-Exchange Membranes

Characterization of Ion-Exchange Membranes

Properties of Commercial Ion-Exchange Membranes

PERVAPORATION

R.W. Baker, J.G. Wijmans, Membrane Technology and Research, Inc. Menlo Park, CA, USA

Fundamentals of Pervaporation

Membranes and Modules

Process and Equipment Design

Applications of Pervaporation

Conclusions and Future Directions

MODELING AND CALCULATION OF PRESSURE-DRIVEN MEMBRANE PROCESSES

Sergei P. Agashichev, D. Mendelejev University of Chemical Technology, Russia; International Centre for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE

General Framework and Formulation of the Problem

Concentration Polarisation

Accumulation of Gel or Porous Precipitate on Membrane Surface

Transport through Porous Membranes Matrix

Modeling Driving Force

SURVEY OF THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO MODELING PRESSURE-DIVEN MEMBRANE PROCESSES (SUBMODELS FOR TRANSPORT IN PHASES)

Sergei P. Agashichev, D. Mendelejev University of Chemical Technology, Russia; International Centre for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE

Modelling Hydrodynamic Field

Modelling Concentration Field

Modelling Cake or Gel Layer Growth and Accumulation

HOLLOW-FIBER MEMBRANES

I. Moch Jr., I. Moch and Associates Inc., Wilmington, Delaware, USA

Properties

Processing

Sorbent Fibers

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICRO- AND ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES

G.H. Koops, University of Twente, The Netherlands

Preparation of Micro-and Ultrafiltration Membranes

Characterization of Micro- and Ultrafiltration Membranes

DIALYSIS AND DIFFUSION DIALYSIS

T.A. Davis, Independent Consultant, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA

The Principle of the Process and Fundamentals

Technical and Economic Relevance

Membranes

Process and Equipment Design

Process Costs, Operational Problems, and Limitations of the Process

Applications

Supplier Industry

DONNAN DIALYSIS

T.A. Davis, Independent Consultant, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA

Principles and Fundamentals

Technical and Economic Relevance

Membrane and System Development

Process and Equipment Design

Process Costs, Operational Problems, and Limitations of the Process

Applications

Supplier Industry

MEMBRANE SEPERATION TECHNOLOGIES

Takeshi Matsuura, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. Canada

History

Definition and Classification

Performance Parameters

Membrane Separation Processes where the Driving Force is Pressure

Membrane Separation Processes where the driving force is Partial Pressure

Membrane Process where the Driving Force is Difference in Electrical Potential

Other Membrane Processes

HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS OF MEMBRANE DESALINATION PROCESSES

Ali M. El-Nashar, Consultant, ICWES, Abu Dhabi, UAE

RO Process Fundamentals

Feedwater Contaminants

General Characteristics of Membranes

RO Process Terminology

History of Membrane Technology

Effect of Operating Variables on Membrane Parameters

Feed Water Pretreatment & Permeate Post-Treatment

Membrane Module Configurations

Membrane Fouling & Membrane Cleaning

Energy Requirements of Membrane Technology

Economics of RO Plants

Operational Performance and Design Features of Large Seawater RO Plants

CO2 Emissions for Typical RO Plants

Recent Development in Membrane Technology

Boron, Arsenic and Organic Compound Removal

MEMBRANE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR WASTEWATER RECLAMATION

A.F. Ismail and E. Yuliwati, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

Introduction

Wastewater Reclamation: An Overview

Fundamental of Membrane Technology in Wastewater Reclamation

Membrane Life

Membranes Market Size

Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)

Reverse Osmosis

Conclusions

DESALINATION BY MEMBRANE DISTILLATION

Mohamed Khayet, Department of Applied Physics I, Faculty of Physics, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain

Introduction

Membrane Distillation (MD)

MD Configurations

Membranes and Modules used in MD

Application of MD Technology in Desalination

Conclusions

MEMBRANE CHARACTERIZATION

Khulbe KC, Feng CY and Matsuura T, Industrial Membrane Research Laboratory, Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

Introduction

Pore Size Distribution Measurement

Membrane Morphology

Other Characterization Methods

Mechanical Properties

Conclusion

RECENT ADVANCES IN MEMBRANE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN SEAWATER DESALINATION - WITH TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND SINGAPORE

Takeshi Matsuura and Dipak Rana, Industrial Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Canada

Mohamed Rasool Qtaishat, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Jordan, Jordan

Gurdev Singh, Centre of Innovation, Environmental & Water Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore

Introduction

Membrane Processes for Desalination: Overview

Case Study I: Membrane Desalination in the Middle East

Case Study II: Seawater Desalination in Singapore

Conclusions and Future Outlooks

CONCENTRATION OF LIQUID FOODS

Hernandez, Ernesto, OmegaPure Technology and Innovation Center, Houston, Texas, USA

Physical Properties of Liquid Foods

Concentration by Evaporation

Concentration with Membranes

Combined Technologies in the Concentration of Liquid Foods

Freeze Concentration

MASS TRANSFER OPERATION–MEMBRANE SEPARATIONS

Enrico Drioli, Efrem Curcio and Enrica Fontananova, University of Calabria, Italy

An overview on the most industrialized membrane separation processes and emerging applications

Sustainable growth and integrated membrane operations

MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS: HYBRID MEMBRANE PROCESSES

E. Drioli, E. Curcio and E. Fontananova, University of Calabria, Italy

Hybrid Membrane Desalination Systems

Integrated Membrane Systems in Agrofood Industry

Hybrid Membrane Operations for Wastewater Treatment

Integrated Membrane Operations in Gas Separation

Integration of Molecular Separation and Chemical/Energy Conversion