WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES - Table of Contents

URBAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

S. Vigneswaran, C. Davis, J. Kandasamy, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

A. Chanan, State Water Corporation, Sydney, Australia

Water Management Systems: A Brief History

Third Generation Wastewater Treatment Systems

Reassessing the Conventional Systems

Water & Wastewater Management In Future: A Preview

Advanced Treatment Technologies for the Fourth Generation Water Management

Conventional Sewage Treatment Techniques

FILTRATION TECHNOLOGIES IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT

S. Vigneswaran, J. Kandasamy and M. Rogerson, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney

Deep Bed Filtration

Rapid Filters

Direct Filtration

Performance of Deep Bed filtration in Wastewater Treatment

Other Filtration Technologies

Microstraining

Precoat Filtration

Cartridge Filters

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROCESSES FOR ORGANIC REMOVAL FROM WASTEWATER EFFLUENT

H.K. Shon, S. Phuntsho, S. Vigneswaran and J. Kandasamy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

J. Cho, NOM Ecology Lab., Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea

J.-H. Kim, School of Applied Chemical Engineering & The Research Institute for Catalysis, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea

Overview of Physico-Chemical Processes

Coagulation-Flocculation

Adsorption

Biofiltration

Ion Exchange

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)

SEQUENCING BATCH REACTORS: PRINCIPLES, DESIGN/OPERATION AND CASE STUDIES

S. Vigneswaran, M. Sundaravadivel, and D. S. Chaudhary, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Background

The SBR Technology for Wastewater Treatment

Physical Description of the SBR System

Components and Configuration of SBR System

Control of Biological Reactions through Operating Strategies

Design of SBR Reactor

Costs of SBR

Case Studies

CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFLUENT ORGANIC MATTER IN WASTEWATER

H.K. Shon, S. Vigneswaran and J. Kandasamy, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

J. Cho, NOM Ecology Lab., Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea

Specific EfOM Components Present in BTSE

Analytical Methods of Aggregate EfOM

Overview of EfOM

Typical Processes Used in Wastewater Treatment

Wastewater Characteristics

Constituents of EfOM in BTSE

Adverse and Benign Effects of EfOM

Characteristics of EfOM from BTSE

Analytical Methods of EfOM

AIR STRIPPING IN INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT

A. Srinivasan, P. Chowdhury, T. Viraraghavan, Faculty of Engineering, University of Regina, Canada

Process Description

Stripping Theory

Design Considerations

Design of Stripping Tower

Ammonia Stripping

VOC Stripping

WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR TANNING INDUSTRY

R. A. Ramanujam, Department of Environmental Technology, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India

R. Ganesh, Department of Environmental Technology, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India

J. Kandasamy, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

Tanning Process

Leather Industry Source of Environmental Pollution

Water Quality Standards and Environmental Legislations

Technology for Controlling Pollution by Tanneries

WATER MINING: PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES FOR A SUCCESSFUL PROJECT

A. Chanan, General Manager, Strategic Assets, State Water Corporation, Sydney, Australia

J. Kandasamy, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

Water Mining: An Introduction

Advantages of Water Mining

Transportation Costs Advantage

Treatment Advantage

Security and Disaster Recovery Advantage

Community Engagement Advantage

Environmental Advantage

Volume Stripping Advantage

Fit for Purpose Advantage

Equity Advantage

Planning a Water Mining Project

Preliminary Exploration

Feasibility Study

Final Design and Obtaining Approvals/Agreements

Construction of a Water Mining Facility

Managing Risks in Water Mining Operations

MECHANICAL VAPOR COMPRESSION DISTILLATION

B. Tleimat, Water Re-use Technology, Alamo, California, USA

Process Description

Process Analysis

Effects of Salinity and Temperature on Energy Consumption

System Heat Balance

Heat Transfer Surface Requirement

Effects of Evaporator Temperature on Heat Transfer Area

Effects of Evaporator Type on Energy

Multieffect Vapor Compression Distillation

Comparison of Single-effect and Multieffect Vapor Compression Distillation Systems

Forced Circulation Vapor Compression

Compressors

Comparison of Lobe Type and Centrifugal Compressors

WASTEWATER RECYCLING, REUSE, AND RECLAMATION

S. Vigneswaran, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

M. Sundaravadivel, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia

Wastewater Recycling and Reuse: The Concept

Sources of Water Pollution

Management of Water Quality

Types of Wastewater Reuse

Cleaner Industrial Production through Recycling and Reuse

Water Treatment for Drinking Water Supplies: A Reuse Strategy

DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION IN INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT

A. Srinivasan and T. Viraraghavan, Faculty of Engineering, University of Regina, Canada

Process Configurations

Developments in DAF

Principles of DAF

Design Considerations

Design Criteria

Applications in Industrial Wastewater Treatment

MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY FOR ORGANIC REMOVAL IN WASTEWATER

H.K. Shon, S. Vigneswaran and J. Kandasamy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

J. Cho, NOM Ecology Lab., Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea

Overview of Membrane Technology

Theory

Membrane Fouling

Membrane Fouling Control

Pretreatment

Design Consideration and Operation Control

Cleaning Methods

Comparison of Organic Removal by MF, UF, NF and RO

DOC Removal

Removal of MWD

Removal of EDCs/PPCPs

Removal of EDCs/PPCPs by MF

Removal of EDCs/PPCPs by UF

Removal of EDCs/PPCPs by NF/RO

ADSORPTION AND BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT

J. Kandasamy, S. Vigneswaran, T. T. L. Hoang, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney

D.N.S Chaudhary, Maunsell AECOM, Sydney, Australia

Adsorption

Application of Adsorption

Activated Carbon

Biological Filtration

Biological Attachment Processes

Factors Influencing Biological Filtration

Kinetics of Microbiological Growth

Microbiological Community in Biofilter

Types of Biological Filters

Application of Biofilter

Wastewater Treatment

Low Strength Wastewater

High Strength Wastewater

Aquaculture

DEEP BED FILTRATION: MODELLING THEORY AND PRACTICE

G. Keir and V. Jegatheesan, School of Engineering, James Cook University, Australia

S. Vigneswaran, Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

Mathematical Models for the Initial Filtration Stage

Removal Efficiency

Model Representation of Porous Media

Classification of Microscopic Models

Eulerian Methods (Convective Diffusion Analysis)

Lagrangian Methods (Trajectory Analysis)

Semi-Empirical Formulations

Limitations of Initial Stage Models

Mathematical Models for the Transient Filtration Stage

Macroscopic Models

Transient Stage Models

Limitations of Macroscopic and Transient Stage Models

The Effect of Particle Size Distribution

SPECIFIC OPTIONS IN BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FOR RECLAMATION AND REUSE

Wenshan Guo, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Huu-Hao Ngo, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Specific Non-Membrane Biological Processes

Biological Filtration

Combined Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket and Downflow Hanging Sponge Reactor (UASB+DHS)

Constructed Wetlands

Specific Membrane Biological Processes

Opportunities for Membrane in Biological Wastewater Treatment

Membrane Separation in Bioreactors

Membrane Bioreactor as Solids/Liquid Separation

Submerged Membrane Adsorption Bioreactor (SMABR)

Sponge-Submerged Membrane Bioreactor (SSMBR)

BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL PROCESSES FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT

A. Sathasivan, Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth WA 6845, Australia.

Parameters That Are Known To Control The Success Of EBPR

Phosphorus Removal Observed In Other Processes: A Novel Process

Presence Of Glycogen Accumulating Organisms (GAOS) And Their Role

Common Process Configurations Currently In Use

Recent Trends And Developments In EBPR Processes

Modelling EBPR Processes

The EBPR Process Description

Microbiological characteristics of PAOs

Biochemical Aspects Of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Processes

WASTEWATER STABILIZATION PONDS (WSP) FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT

S. Phuntsho, H. K. Shon, S. Vigneswaran and J. Kandasamy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

Advantages and Disadvantages of WSP

Types of WSP

Process Design of WSP

Physical Design of WSP

Upgrading of Wastewater Stabilization Ponds

Sample Application Design of Waste Stabilization Ponds

TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER BY MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS

Chettiyappan Visvanathan, Environmental Engineering and Management Program, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology.

Design of MBR System

Membrane System Design

Reactor Design for MBR System

Operation of the Membrane System in MBR

Application of MBR in Industrial Wastewater Treatment

STORMWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

Gurmeet Singh, Blacktown City Council, Sydney, Australia

J. Kandasamy, S. Vigneswaran, R. Aryal, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

R. Naidu, Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Adelaide, Australia

Stormwater Pollution

Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)

Treatment Measures

Treatment Train

Selection of Management Measures

Assessing the Suitability of a WSUD Treatment Train

Case studies

SLUDGE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

S. Vigneswaran and J. Kandasamy, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney

PALM OIL AND PALM WASTE POTENTIAL IN INDONESIA

T. Setiadi, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132,INDONESIA

Palm Oil Industry Development in Indonesia

Palm Oil Processing

Palm Oil Waste and Waste Potential

RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS - A REVIEW

C R Steicke and V Jegatheesan, School of Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia

C Zeng, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia

Current State of Aquaculture and Environment

Aquaculture Water Constituents

Waste Water Discharge Guidelines for Aquaculture

Introduction to Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)

Recirculating Aquaculture System Applications

Primary Clarification - Suspended Solids Removal

Bacterial Processes

Filtration Types

Biological Filtration Efficiency

Major Factors Affecting Filter Efficiency

UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) REACTOR IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT

K. Karthikeyan, Tamil Nadu Central Pollution Control Board, Tamil Nadu, India

J. Kandasamy, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney

UASB Reactor

Application of UASB Process

Case Studies on UASB Applications

Summary of Parameters for Treatment of Agro-Based and Animal Waste Processing

APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT

Huu-Hao Ngo, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Wenshan Guo, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Wen Xing, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Leachate Characteristics and its Discharge Standards

Problems and Environmental Impacts of Landfill Leachate

Typical Landfill Leachate Treatment Technologies

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES FOR WATER REUSE SCHEME AND TECHNOLOGY

A. Listowski, Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

H. H. Ngo, Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, PO BOX 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia

W. S. Guo, Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, PO BOX 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia

S. Vigneswaran, Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, PO BOX 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia

C. G. Palmer, Institute of Water and Environmental Resource Management, University of Technology Sydney, PO BOX 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia

Assessment Methodologies

Life Cycle Analysis

Material Flow Analysis

Ecological Footprint Analysis

Health Risk Assessment

Energy Consumption and Economic Analysis

Social Impact Analysis

Framework for Technology Evaluation for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse

Background

Performance Assessment Criteria

NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT: IN BRIEF

I.J. El Saliby, H.K. Shon, J. Kandasamy and S. Vigneswaran, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

Benefits of Nanotechnology in Water and Wastewater Treatment

Wastewater Treatment

Water Treatment

Application of Nanotechnology in Water and Wastewater Treatment

Nanomaterials and membrane filtration

Metals, bimetallic nanoparticles and mixed oxides

Naturally occurring material: the case of zeolites

Carbon nanocompounds

Modified photocatalysts

Nanotechnology and human health