WATER QUALITY AND STANDARDS - Table of Contents

SURFACE WATER MONITORING

GROUNDWATER MONITORING

Outline of Groundwater

Monitoring Program for Groundwater

Sampling Groundwater

Selection of Sampling Point Location

Contaminants in Groundwater

Sampling Frequency

Types of Sampling Equipment

WATER QUALITY NEEDS AND STANDARDS FOR DIFFERENT SECTORS AND USES

Health care and emergency measures

Water quality needs for agriculture

Water quality needs for aquaculture and fisheries

Water quality for industry

WATER SUPPLY FOR AGRICULTURE, AQUACULTURE, AND FISHERIES

Water for agricultural use

Water for aquaculture

Water for fisheries

INDUSTRIAL WATER

Industrial water consumption

Cooling water

Ultra-pure water

Circulated use of water in main industries

EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON WATER QUALITY

Modern history of water pollution

Countermeasures for water pollution control

Present situation of water quality

MINIMIZING LOADS ON WATER BODIES

Self-purification of natural water bodies

Kinetics of self-purification in natural water bodies

Minimization of pollutant loading to natural water bodies

NON-POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION

Definition of a Non-point Source

Non-point Sources and its Loads

Countermeasures for Non-point Source Pollution

SALINIZATION OF SOILS

Causes of salinization and saline soil

Salinity of water and soil

Prevention of salinization and improvement of saline soil

WATER POLLUTION BY AGRICULTURE AND OTHER RURAL USES

Pesticides

Dioxin group

Nitrate

CONTAMINATION OF WATER RESOURCES

Contamination by Hazardous Substances

Eutrophication

Contamination by Hazardous Microorganisms

MICROBIAL/BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION OF WATER

Removal of Pathogenic Microorganisms by Biological Treatment

PHYSICAL/MECHANICAL CONTAMINATION OF WATER

Color and Turbidity

Odor and Taste

Alkalinity, pH and Hardness

Radionuclides

Contamination Caused by Ships

WATER QUALITY AND STANDARDS

Effluent Standards

Health-related Water Quality

Water Contaminants

Standards

Water Quality and Standards for Different Sectors and Use

Water Quality and Standards for Aquatic Environments

WATER QUALITY STANDARDS, AND MONITORING

Drinking water quality standards and their development

Wastewater quality standard

Water quality consideration in various water uses

Ambient water quality standards

BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS IN WATER QUALITY AND STANDARDS

Water quality standards and their development

Monitoring and assessment of water quality standards

Roles and functions of stakeholders

CLASSIFICATION OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS

Drinking water quality standards

Ambient water quality standards

ASSESSMENT OF STANDARDS

Categorization of Source of Chemical Constituents

Conceptual Development of Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment Process

Hazard Identification

Dose-Response Assessment

Exposure Assessments

Risk Characterization

NATURAL WATERS

Characteristics of Water

Distribution of Water on the Earth

EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS

Saprobity system

Hazardous chemical management for protecting aqua ecosystem

Effects of chlorine-disinfected wastewater on the growth of Nori

MANAGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLIES AFTER A DISASTER

Damage to water supply

Responses of Hyogo Prefecture

Restoration

Water quality management in emergency water supply

Lessons learnt from disaster

Improvement against disaster

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE AND WATER USAGE

Stocks of water on the Earth

Hydrologic cycle

Water balance and usage

Preservation and effective use of water resources

GROUNDWATER DEGRADATION BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES

Causative materials contaminating groundwater

Metals and inorganic compounds

Chlorinated organic compounds

Agricultural Chemicals

Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs)

Environmental pollution by the final disposal site leachate

Environmental standard item and detection status of the groundwater in Japan

SURFACE WATER DEGRADATION BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES

Causative materials for contamination of surface water

Heavy metals

Pollution for the phthalate esters caused from human activities

Endocrine disrupting chemicals

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

Evaluation of aquatic environment using stable isotope ratio of nitrogen and carbon in sediments and aquatic organisms

POLLUTION SOURCES

Pollution of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus

Pollution of heavy metals and inorganic compounds

Pollution of harmful organic compounds

Countermeasures against water pollution

Other forms of pollution

POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION

Kind of point sources

Countermeasures for point source pollution

Wastewater treatment processes

INDUSTRIAL WATER POLLUTION

Industrial Flows

Wastewaters

Examples of Draining

Draining Containing High-density Organic Compounds

Draining Containing Low-density Organic Compounds

Draining Containing Organic and Toxic Compounds

Draining Containing General Inorganic Compounds

Draining Containing Inorganic and Toxic Compounds

ORGANICAL CHEMICALS AS CONTAMINANTS OF WATER BODIES AND DRINKING WATER

Contamination of metabolites produced by aquatic microorganisms

Contamination by industrial chemicals

Pesticides

Unintentionally generate substances

Miscellaneous organic substances

Disinfectant by-products

Characteristics of organic pollutants in each water area

Emergent Chemicals

INORGANIC CHEMICALS INCLUDING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS IN WATERBODIES

Naturally Occurring Substances in Bodies of Water

Inorganic Substances in Industrial Waste

Inorganic Substances in Agricultural and Domestic Waste

Inorganic Substances in the Water Supply

Radioactive Material

WATER SUPPLY AND HEALTH CARE

Drinking water

Swimming pool water

URBAN WATER POLLUTION

Urban Sewage

Sanitary Sewage

Effects of Rainfall on Sewer

Storm Drainage