Table 1 is a summary of present and future (2020-2030) costs/status for different energy resources and energy technologies, and a comparative current cost of different power technologies is given in Table 2.
| Energy Resource/Technology | Present | 2020-2030 |
| 1. Oil prices (US$/barrel) | 10.1 | 10-20 |
|
2. Electricity:
Production cost (US cents/KWh): Consumer cost (US cents/KWh): |
6 8-10 |
3 5-6 |
| 3. Hydropower |
Retain market share, Price 3-6 US cents/KWh Potential to retrofit existing dams |
|
|
4. Desalination: Average cost seawater (US$/m3): New installations seawater(US$/m3): New installations brackish(US$/m3): |
1.5-3.0 1.0 0.5 |
0.25-0.50 0.15-0.25 |
| 5. Solar pumping (US$/m3) | 0.40-060 | 0.08-010 |
| 6. Subsidies on energy for water pumping | Trend down, but not abolished |
Source: World water vision, 1999, Paris "Report of the Thematic panel on Energy Technology and its implications on Water Resources"
| Power Technology | Installation Costs (US$/kW) | O&M Costs (UScents/kWh) | Electricity Generation Costs (UScents/kWh) |
| Hydro | 600-2,000 | - | 2-8 |
| Wind | 800-1,000 | 0.05-0.1 | 5-7 |
| Solar - Photovoltaic (Modules, Crystalline Si) |
3,700 3,900-4,500 |
- | - |
| Solar - Photovoltaic (Modules, Thin film amorphous Si) |
2,600 3,000-5,000 |
- | - |
| Solar - Photovoltaic (Modules, Thin film CdTe, year 2000) | 2,000 | - | - |
| Solar - Photovoltaic (Modules, Thin film CIS, year 2000) | 2,000 | - | - |
| Solar - Photovoltaic(BOS) | 4,300 | - | - |
| Solar - Photovoltaic(system) |
6,000-8,000 11,000-14,000 |
0 | 50-75 |
| Solar - Thermal/parabolic Trough, 80 MW | 2,800-3,500 | - | 12-17 |
| Biomass - Direct Combustion | 2,500 | - | 14 |
| Biomass - Bio-crude combustion | 1,500 | - | 8 |
| Biomass - Advanced Technologies | 400-2,500 | - | 6-10 |
| Geothermal - Hydrothermal (Steam-dominated) | 1,600-1,700 | - | 4-6,2-8 |
| Geothermal - Hydrothermal (Water-dominated) | 2,400-2,500 | - | 6,2-8 |
| Geothermal - Geopresssured (Steam) | - | - | 11 |
| Geothermal - Hot Dry Rock | - | - | 4-19 |
| Ocean - Tidal Barrage (8.6 GW, study) | 1,800 | 8 | |
| Ocean (OTEC, estimate) | 10,000 | 1 | 12-25 |
| Nuclear (1,000 MW) | 2,100-2,300 | 2-4 | |
| Gas - Combined Cycle | 450-650 | 0.35 | 3-4 |
| Coal - PFBC (100 MW) | 1,200 | 5.4 | |
| Coal - Steam ( 2 x 500 MW, with flue gas treatment, LEC) | 1,200-1,500 | 1.5-2.0 | 5-10 |
Source: 1998, ABB Environmental Affairs - Renewable Energy - Hydro, Wind, Solar, Biomass, Geothermal, Ocean - Status and Prospects.
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