Properties of Natural Waters
Asghar Husain, Ali El Nashar, Adil Al Radif and Bushara M, International Center for Water and
Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE
M. M. Ali, IIC T Hyderabad, India
Some Basic Chemical Principles
Chemical Composition of Natural Waters
Solubility in Water
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Normal
Seawater.
Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Water in the Liquid Phase
Asghar Husain, Ali El Nashar, Adil Al radif and Woldai A., International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE
M. M. Ali, IIC T Hyderabad, India
The Phases of Pure Water
Properties of Saturated Water and Steam
Properties of Compressed Liquid Water.
General Characteristics of Water
Asghar Husain, Bushara, G.P. Rao and Samir Damak, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE
M. M. Ali, IIC T Hyderabad, India
Pure Water
Natural Water
Seawater
Energetic Aspects of Water
Biological Aspects of Water
Electrochemical Processes
Asghar Husain and Ali El Nashar, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Fraday's
Law of Electrolysis
Electode Potential
Types & Performance of Cells
Application
Biological Contamination of Water
Asghar Husain, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE
G. P. Reddy, D.A.R Water Science and Technology, Hyderabad, India
Range
of Biological organisms Present in Water
Metabolism of Bioorganisms
Bio-Fouling
Separation Thermodynamics
Asghar Husain, Ali El –Nashar and Adil Alradif, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Relevant
Thermodynamic Functions
Partial Molar Properties
Equilibrium Criteria
Aqueous Solutions of Electrolytes
Equilibria Relevant to Desalination
Thermodynamic Properties
Process Thermodynamics
Asghar Husain , Woldai A. , Bushara M and Ali El Nashar, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Terminology
Variables and Properties
First Law of Thermodynamics
Equations of State
Second Law of Thermodynamics
The Equilibrium State
Chemical Reaction Equilibrium
Separation Phenomena in Desalination Processes
Asghar Husain, Bushara , Ali El-Nashar and Aldil Alradif, International Centre for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Solar
Stills
Freeze and Hydrate Separation
Ion Exchange
Thermal Desalination Processes
Asghar Husain, Adel Al Radif, Ali El-Nashar and Klaus Wagnick, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Multiple
Effect Boiling (MEB) Plants
Multistage Flash (MSF) Plants
Vapor Compression
Membrane-Based Desalination Processes
Asghar Husain, Ali El-Nashar and Adel Al Radif, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Reverse
Osmosis (RO) Theory
Electrodialysis (ED) Theory
Some Practical Aspects of Desalination Processes
Asghar Husain, Adil Al Radif, Ali El Nashar, Roberto Borsani and Bushara M, International Center for Water and Energy Systems, Abu Dhabi, UAE
MEB
Plants
MSF Plants
RO Plants
ED Plants
Limitations of the Membrane Processes
An Overview of Fouling
T. Reg. Bott, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Categories of Fouling
Biofouling
T. Reg. Bott, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Bacteria
Algae
Fungi
Mussels
Barnacles
Hydroids
Composite Fouling, Fundamentals and Mechanisms
R. Sheikholeslami, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
A.P. Watkinson, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Crystallisation
Fouling
Particulate Fouling
Corrosion Fouling
Composite Fouling
Composite Crystallisation and Particulate Fouling
Corrosion and Precipitation Fouling
Composite Corrosion and Particulate Deposition
Common Foulants in Desalination:Inorganic Salts
P. Koutsoukos, University of Patras, Greece
Description,
overview (relative occurrence)
Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Sulfate
Magnesium hydroxide
Silica, Silicates
Phosphates
Biological Foulants
T.R. Bott, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Biofouling
Crystallization Fouling
M. Jamialahmadi, University of Petroleum Industry, Ahwaz, IRAN
H. Müller-Steinhagen, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, England
Chemical
Fundamentals
Literature Review on scale formation in heat exchangers
Effect of Operating Parameters on scale formation
Models for scale formation on heat transfer surfaces
Scale formation in shell and tube heat exchangers.
Scale formation in plate and frame heat exchangers
Extended Surfaces
Change of Distiller Performance with Fouling
Frank Bodendieck and Klaus Genthner, University of Bremen, Germany
Relationship
between Fouling and steam consumption
Performance of the evaporator under different tube fouling conditions
The effect of various fouling conditions on various plant section
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